One participant described the exercises as “frustrating.”.

One participant stated that he found the exercises frustrating.

One participant stated that “he found the exercises frustrating.”.

When it does, keep in mind that you should only use quotation marks around words taken directly from the original speaker or author. Indirect quotation is more common in everyday speech, but it can occur in academic writing too. For example, changing the pronouns or the verb tense. It’s a lot like paraphrasing, except that you’re only changing the words you need to in order to fit the statement into your new sentence grammatically. Indirect quotation means reporting what someone said without using exactly the same words they did.

The Routledge Companion to Critical Theory.

Some examples are shown below, with the proper formatting:

Use quotation marks for sources that are part of another source.

Use italics for sources that stand alone.

The key principles apply in all the main styles: The rules for how to format different source titles are largely the same across citation styles, though some details differ. Others are italicized instead (or occasionally written in plain text). Some source titles (e.g., the title of a journal article) should be presented in quotation marks in your text. Solis described the situation as “precarious” (2022, p.Note that when you include a parenthetical citation after a quote, the punctuation mark always comes after the citation (except with block quotes). How many participants reported their satisfaction as “high”?.Smith asks, “How long can this situation continue?”.In all variants of English, a question mark appears inside the quotation marks when the person quoted was asking a question, but outside when it’s you asking the question.

Solis described the situation as ‘precarious’.

Solis described the situation as “precarious.”.

Punctuation placement with quotes in US and UK English US English

In UK English, all punctuation marks are placed outside the quotation marks, except when they are part of the original quotation.

In US English, commas and periods that follow a quote are placed within the quotation marks.

US and UK English also differ on where to place punctuation within quotation marks.

According to Uran, ‘Writing in the field is oversaturated with jargon terms like “agile learning”’.

According to Uran, “Writing in the field is oversaturated with jargon terms like ‘agile learning.’”.

Quotes within quotes in US and UK English US English When your quotations are nested (i.e., a quote appears inside another quote), you should use the opposite style of quotation marks for the nested quotation.

Jack quotes rules unessary